Table of Contents
The attack on Pearl Harbor
What is Pearl Harbor?
Why Japan attacked Pearl Harbor?
Before the attack
What happened during the attack?
The objective of the attack
The loss of the attack
What happened after the attack?
What is the axis covenant?
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
The making of atomic bomb (Manhattan Project)
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Why the Americans out atom bombs
Pearl Harbor
What is Pearl Harbor?
Pearl Harbor is a U.S. marinebase located at Honolulu. Large parts of the harbor and the surrounding areas make up a U.S. marinebase, and it is headquarters for the U.S. Pacific fleet.
Before the attack:
Sunday 7. December 1941 at Pearl Harbor was the shocking attack that surprised many Americans. This was something they foresaw, and at least expected them.
The Japanese forces were under command of view – admiral Nagumo. The Japanese naval commander, Admiral Yamamoto, was behind the whole planning of the attack. Admiral gave the message, and 180 kilometers north of Oahu was Nagumo’s carriers localized, and with six carriers and 423 aircraft were to go to the attacks against Americans.
The first attack wave of relief from aircraft carrier in Japan kl. 6.00. It consisted of 183 aircraft, which was now on the way to the Atlantic fleet at Pearl Harbor. 7.14. Relieved the second wave of attack aircraft carrier in Japan, and it consisted of 163 aircraft.
What happened during the attack?
On Pearl Harbor around 7:03 discovered two radar operators of the radar base, that on Oahu, it was been localized Japanese aircraft. Ga operators with a message to the officer, he denied it and said it was the American B-17 aircraft that was expected from the West Coast. They saw more echo on the radar that would correspond to a large number of aircraft with the course to Hawaii.
On Pearl Harbor was not the crew prepared for what was to happen. Right officers, were based on incorrect information, and said that there was not any reason to believe that an attack was coming. Therefore, the aircraft wing close to the wing next to each other at airports, flak Kanonene was unattended, all ammunition was locked down, and no pass on, just as in peacetime. There were no torpedo net to protect the fleet, and since it was a Sunday morning, was the most døsige o calm.
1. wave attack
The attacking planes came from Japan in two waves. The first attack wave reached the fleet base 7.53/55. It consisted of 100 bombers, 43 destroyers and 40 torpedofly. The U.S. army believed this was their own aircraft and had no alarm. The first attack wave struck the blow against the ships and the airport.
The first wave of the 183 aircraft split up in three to attack from different sides. In a short time the Americans had lost 3 battleships. It was the “Arizona”, “West Virginia” and “Oklahoma”. 5 second battleships were damaged.
2. wave attack
The second attack wave reached Pearl Harbor 8:55. The second wave bombed ships and buildings. In two hours, almost the entire Pearl Harbor destroyed. By 9:55 it was over.
The Defense Ministry sent out a warning about need help, but they had to use regular telegraph since radio from Hawaii had been destroyed. The delays ended up with a notification that reached up to Pearl Harbor hours after the attack occurred, and then it was too late to get anything done. The Americans had lost.
Why Japan attacked Pearl Harbor?
Japan attack Pearl Harbor because the U.S. completed and halt the export of scrap metal and oil. This is due to the fact that Japan attacked and occupied several countries, along the North-China, Korea and throughout several neighboring states. United Kingdom and United States vulnerable to diplomatic pressure Japan, but Japan is not ga and joined the Axis powers, who at that time ruled over large parts of Europe and East – Asia.
But Japan was not to be stopped even when the Americans closed the Panama Canal to Japanese ships, and invaded northern Indochina. When the U.S. closed all of the export of oil. This was Japan Erne very vulnerable, because 80% of the oil came from the United States.
The objective of the attack:
The main goals of this operation was to reduce the big three U.S. aircraft carrier, “Lexington”, “Enterprise” and “Saragota”. This did not the Japanese aircraft and ships were not destroyed, for they were not in port. The largest fuel inventories also survived.
The only thing the Americans managed to do was to lower the six Japanese submarines that were in a separate operation outside Pearl Harbor. The attack on Pearl Harbor was not the only attack the Japanese did in the day. The attack also three different islands that were controlled by the United States. It was Wake Island, Midway Island and Guam.
The loss of the attack:
About 2,500 U.S. soldiers and civilians were killed during the attack, of which 1104 people died when a bomb struck the battleship at 750kg “Arizona”, and ammunition stockpiles blown the whole ship. The ship is still at the bottom and is a war memorial. A total of 18 ships sunk or damaged hard among them was the 5 warships and 188 aircraft were lost during the attack, 1,178 Americans were hard damaged.
In all there were 363 Japanese aircraft took part in the attack on Pearl Harbor, all the planes that had participated came back except for 29 pieces. The attack killed 100 during the Japanese, but the number of dying Americans who were the most shocking.
Japan Erne used suicide pilots, or as it is called, Kamikaze pilots. The planes were loaded with explosives and that was guided into the ship. Japan Erne seemed that there was an effective way to destroy the American ships. The attack lasted for two hours and then it was all over the United States had lost 349 planes, 3,700 men and 18 warships were either carved or hard damaged.
What happened after the attack?
Four days later Germany and Italy declared war against the United States in accordance with Tremaktspakten. This led the U.S. into two wars with Japan and in Europe.
What is the axis Pact?:
Axis is an alliance between Italy, Germany, Japan and several other countries during World War II. 27. September 1940 in Berlin, an agreement was signed between Germany, Italy and Japan. This agreement is called for tremaktspakten. The goal of it was to establish a new system in Europe and East – Asia.
Countries should give each other political, economic and military assistance and support. This if one of them was attacked by a foreign power that was not involved in the ongoing war in Europe, or the Chinese-Japanese War. Several nations that joined the Axis Powers early in the war, left the alliance later when the war luck changed
The making of atomic bomb (Manhattan Project):
USA avsa an unlimited number of money to this project and skulte about 2 billion for the government and people. There were several nuclear physicists and chemists working together, ultimately 200,000 people, but not many showed what they were working with. They made two types of bombs, one of plutonium, and another of uranium. Bomb that was based on uranium was as it was released over Hiroshima, and of plutonium over Nagasaki.
Hiroshima and Nagasaki:
Hiroshima:
The plane letter
At 02:45 the 6. August 1945. Relieved a B-29 bombers from the United States air force. They flew from the island of Tinian and out over the Pacific Ocean. The plane bombing was led by Colonel P. W. Tibb. Now they would get dropping the atomic bomb over Hiroshima. Bomb had greater destruction power than any other weapon before. The trip was 2400 km went just fine. At 06:30 Japanese time bomb was made clear.
The goal
Japan had almost no air defense at this time. Enola Gay, which Tibb had baptized the plane, flying towards their targets at a height of 9500 meters. At 08:14 gave Colonel Tibb crew orders to take on polaroid glasses were to protect the eyes. At 08:15 kunne B-29 aircraft to see his goal, which was the Aioi Bridge in Hiroshima middle. And a minute later the atomic bomb exploded in the air over the city.
Bomben
The first beacon was as clear as the sun itself. Heat wave killed thousands of people in less than a second. Those who were closest to the bomb or was evaporated to ash, and some after was only a shadow on a wall. Those who were farther away from the explosion was blinded by the sharp light and clothing melted fast to their body, and they were skin and hair burned them.
Bomb was followed by a shock wave that leveled buildings and houses to the ground. Trains, wagons and cars were thrown around like toys. And afterwards, there was strong winds that were to fire storms. There was a river that went through town. Some tried to jump out of this, but they drowned. No one knows the exact number of those who died, but at the end of 1945 said the authorities in Hiroshima that nearly 140,000 were dead by the immediate effects or later of radiation and burns.
Successful
When the U.S. President, Harry S. Truman was informed that the bombing had been successful, he said: “If they do not accept our conditions, they can expect a massive wave of destruction that they have never seen before”.
Nagasaki:
Three days after the bomb was dropped over Hiroshima relieved a new B-29 aircraft from the ground, this time packaged with a bomb based on plutonium. It was flown by major Charles Sweeney. Bomb was dropped over the city of Kokura.
The Bad Weather
When they arrived they had flown through Troptropical storms and lightning. The city was covered by a thick layer of clouds, so instead of dropping the bomb over the city in the blind, set the place on Nagasaki, which was his second goal. In Nagasaki, there was also a dense layer of clouds, but since they had so much fuel left, he chose to drop the bomb in the blind over the city, for Sweeney could not wait. If they dropped it here, they had to do it over the ocean.
The Bomb
The Bomb exploded at 11:02 on 9 August 1945. And this was 2.5 km from the point that was originally intended to hit. Nagasaki is a city full of small rocks. They protected a bit of shock waves that came. The devastation was greatest in the valley it was released in, but the damage was still quite awful. about 35,000 people died, either in the explosion or shortly after on. Some believed that it was actually twice the number who died, that is about 70,000. The task was not as successful, but still it was a completely terrible effect.
Why the Americans out nuclear bombs?
- To get an immediate end to the war
- The United States was unsure of Japan and what they would do and when. Japan had no respect for their own citizens lives and planned to turn their entire island into a fortress.
- To force Japan to surrender without further fighting.
- Stresses were begun to build up in Europe between the Soviet Union and its Western allies
- According to some sources, Japan had a military force of over 9 million soldiers
- Because Japan would not put an end to the war.
http://www.bukisa.com/articles/91373_the-history-of-pearl-harbor-during-world-war-2
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